Membangun Paradigma Hukum HAM Indonesia Berbasis Kewajiban Asasi Manusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1847Keywords:
Hak Asasi Manusia, Kewajiban Asasi Manusia, Keadilan, Paradigma HukumAbstract
Human rights are essential things to uphold because their existence guarantees the equality of all humanity. In Indonesia, the issue of human rights is still often a problem, and one source of the problem is the imbalance between human rights and unbalanced with human rights obligation. This research was conducted with a systematic literature review approach to propose a human rights law paradigm based on human rights obligations. From the perspective of legal analysis, the nature of this research is categorized into prescriptive research. The materials in this study were sourced from laws, books, and scientific articles from national and international journals that deal with the concept of human rights and human rights law. The results of this study indicate that the enforcement of human rights must look at fulfilling human rights obligations because, in general, a person can claim rights if they have met the requirements. By basing their rights on obligations, human rights law will improve. This article is expected to be able to be one of the references in the application of human rights law in Indonesia to build justice between human rights and obligations.
References
Adji, I. S. “Notes on Human Rights Courts and Their Problems.” Majalah Hukum 19, no. 33 (2001).
Al-Quran. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 180.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 183.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah An Nisaa Verse 12.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
Besson, S. “The Bearers of Human Rights’ Duties and Responsibilities for Human Rights: A Quiet (r)Evolution?” Social Philosophy and Policy 32, no. 1 (2015): 244–268.
Černič, J. L. “Corporate Human Rights Obligations and International Investment Law.” Especial 3 (2010): 242–273.
Effendi, M. Human Rights Development in Indonesia. Malang: Universitas Widyagama Press, 2000.
Elster, Jon. Deliberative Democracy. London: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ford, M. “International Networks and Human Rights in Indonesia.” In Human Rights In Asia, edited by T. W. Davis and B. Galligan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2011.
Hadiprayitno, I. “Defensive Enforcement: Human Rights in Indonesia.” Human Rights Review 11 (2010): 373–399.
Haji, S., A. Gaffar, and M. R. Rasyid. Regional Autonomy: In a Unitary State. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2002.
Henkin, Louis. Human Right. New York: Foundation Press, 1999.
Hillman, A. L. “Globalization and Social Justice.” The Singapore Economic Review 53, no. 2 (2008): 173–189.
Huijbers, T. Philosophy of Law. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1995.
Irmansyah, I., Y. A. Prasetyo, and H. Minas. “Human Rights of Persons with Mental Illness in Indonesia: More than Legislation Is Needed.” International Journal of Mental Health Systems 3, no. 14 (2009): 1–10.
Kamruzzaman, M., and S. K. Das. “The Evaluation of Human Rights: An Overview in Historical Perspective.” American Journal of Service Science and Management 3, no. 2 (2016): 5–12.
Klaaren, J. “Human Rights: Legal Aspects.” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 11 (2015): 375–379.
Landman, T. “Democracy and Human Rights: Concepts, Measures, and Relationships.” Politics and Governance 6, no. 1 (2018): 48–59.
Lubis, Todung Mulya. In Search of Human Rights. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993.
Manan, B. Development of Thought and Regulation of Human Rights in Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2001.
McDonagh, M. “The Right to Information in International Human Rights Law Maeve Mcdonagh.” Human Rights Law Review 13, no. 1 (2013): 21–27.
Muannas. “Bentrok Di Bulukumba, 1 Warga Tewas.” TEMPO.CO.
Muhammad, Z., and J. L. Purohit. “Human Rights in the United Nations.” Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 6, no. 6 (2019): 401–418.
Peters, A. “Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights.” The European Journal of International Law 29, no. 4 (2019): 1251–1287.
Pogge, T. “The International Significance of Human Rights.” The Journal of Ethics 4, no. 1 (2000): 45–69.
Power, S. D. Transition of Wealth Politics of Power. Yogyakarta: LKiS Yogyakarta, 2001.
Al Quran. “Quran Surah Al A’raaf Verse 85.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Alaq Verse 1-5.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 11.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 117.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 21.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Mukminun Verse 12, 13, and 14.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Jonah Verse 5.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Yasin Verse 38.” In Al Quran, 2019.
Rastogi, S. K. “Human Rights and Its Impact on Educational and Social Awareness.” International Journal of Innovative Social Science & Humanities Research 1, No. 8 (2014): 60–65.
Rengel, A. “Privacy as an International Human Right and the Right to Obscurity in Cyberspace.” Groningen Journal of International Law 2, No. 2 (2014): 33–54.
Shandler, R., and D. Canetti. “A Reality of Vulnerability and Dependence: Internet Access as a Human Right.” Israel Law Review 52, no. 1 (2019): 77–98.
Silva, M. R., and A. Caetano. “Organizational Justice across Cultures: A Systematic Review of Four Decades of Research and Some Directions for the Future.” Social Justice Research 29, No. 1 (2016): 1–31.
Snyder, H. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 104 (2019): 333–339.
Soeharto. National Human Rights Commission. Jakarta, Indonesia, 1993.
Subekti, and R. Tjitrosudibio. The Civil Code [Burgerlijk Wetboek]. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008.
Sugandhi, R. Book of Criminal Law and Explanation. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1981.
The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy. “Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy Elsam.” Privacyinternational.Org. Last modified 2003. https:// privacyinternational.org/partners/institute-policy-research-and-advocacy-elsam#:~:text=The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM) is a,research%2C advocacy%2C and training.
Thielbörger, P. “The ‘Essence’ of International Human Rights.” German Law Journal 20 (2019): 924–939.
Tibaka, L., and Rosdian. “The Protection of Human Rights in Indonesian Constitutional Law after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia.” Fiat Justisia 11, no. 3 (2017): 268–289.
Tranfield, David, David Denyer, and Palminder Smart. “Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review.” British Journal of Management 14 (2003): 207–222.
Tsutsui, K., and J. W. Meyer. “International Human Rights Law and the Politics of Legitimation Repressive States and Human Rights Treaties.” International Sociology 23, no. 1 (2008): 115–141.
Welch, R. M. “National Human Rights Institutions: Domestic Implementation of International Human Rights Law.” Journal of Human Rights 16, no. 1 (2017): 96–116.
Wirajuda, N. Hassan. Prosecution/Handling of Serious Human Rights Matters in Un Role/International Security Council and Public Sector Relations. Jakarta, 2001.
Al-Quran. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 180.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 183.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah An Nisaa Verse 12.” In Al-Quran, 2019.
Besson, S. “The Bearers of Human Rights’ Duties and Responsibilities for Human Rights: A Quiet (r)Evolution?” Social Philosophy and Policy 32, no. 1 (2015): 244–268.
Černič, J. L. “Corporate Human Rights Obligations and International Investment Law.” Especial 3 (2010): 242–273.
Effendi, M. Human Rights Development in Indonesia. Malang: Universitas Widyagama Press, 2000.
Elster, Jon. Deliberative Democracy. London: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ford, M. “International Networks and Human Rights in Indonesia.” In Human Rights In Asia, edited by T. W. Davis and B. Galligan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2011.
Hadiprayitno, I. “Defensive Enforcement: Human Rights in Indonesia.” Human Rights Review 11 (2010): 373–399.
Haji, S., A. Gaffar, and M. R. Rasyid. Regional Autonomy: In a Unitary State. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2002.
Henkin, Louis. Human Right. New York: Foundation Press, 1999.
Hillman, A. L. “Globalization and Social Justice.” The Singapore Economic Review 53, no. 2 (2008): 173–189.
Huijbers, T. Philosophy of Law. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1995.
Irmansyah, I., Y. A. Prasetyo, and H. Minas. “Human Rights of Persons with Mental Illness in Indonesia: More than Legislation Is Needed.” International Journal of Mental Health Systems 3, no. 14 (2009): 1–10.
Kamruzzaman, M., and S. K. Das. “The Evaluation of Human Rights: An Overview in Historical Perspective.” American Journal of Service Science and Management 3, no. 2 (2016): 5–12.
Klaaren, J. “Human Rights: Legal Aspects.” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 11 (2015): 375–379.
Landman, T. “Democracy and Human Rights: Concepts, Measures, and Relationships.” Politics and Governance 6, no. 1 (2018): 48–59.
Lubis, Todung Mulya. In Search of Human Rights. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993.
Manan, B. Development of Thought and Regulation of Human Rights in Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2001.
McDonagh, M. “The Right to Information in International Human Rights Law Maeve Mcdonagh.” Human Rights Law Review 13, no. 1 (2013): 21–27.
Muannas. “Bentrok Di Bulukumba, 1 Warga Tewas.” TEMPO.CO.
Muhammad, Z., and J. L. Purohit. “Human Rights in the United Nations.” Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 6, no. 6 (2019): 401–418.
Peters, A. “Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights.” The European Journal of International Law 29, no. 4 (2019): 1251–1287.
Pogge, T. “The International Significance of Human Rights.” The Journal of Ethics 4, no. 1 (2000): 45–69.
Power, S. D. Transition of Wealth Politics of Power. Yogyakarta: LKiS Yogyakarta, 2001.
Al Quran. “Quran Surah Al A’raaf Verse 85.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Alaq Verse 1-5.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 11.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 117.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Baqarah Verse 21.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Al Mukminun Verse 12, 13, and 14.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Jonah Verse 5.” In Al Quran, 2019.
———. “Quran Surah Yasin Verse 38.” In Al Quran, 2019.
Rastogi, S. K. “Human Rights and Its Impact on Educational and Social Awareness.” International Journal of Innovative Social Science & Humanities Research 1, No. 8 (2014): 60–65.
Rengel, A. “Privacy as an International Human Right and the Right to Obscurity in Cyberspace.” Groningen Journal of International Law 2, No. 2 (2014): 33–54.
Shandler, R., and D. Canetti. “A Reality of Vulnerability and Dependence: Internet Access as a Human Right.” Israel Law Review 52, no. 1 (2019): 77–98.
Silva, M. R., and A. Caetano. “Organizational Justice across Cultures: A Systematic Review of Four Decades of Research and Some Directions for the Future.” Social Justice Research 29, No. 1 (2016): 1–31.
Snyder, H. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 104 (2019): 333–339.
Soeharto. National Human Rights Commission. Jakarta, Indonesia, 1993.
Subekti, and R. Tjitrosudibio. The Civil Code [Burgerlijk Wetboek]. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008.
Sugandhi, R. Book of Criminal Law and Explanation. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1981.
The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy. “Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy Elsam.” Privacyinternational.Org. Last modified 2003. https:// privacyinternational.org/partners/institute-policy-research-and-advocacy-elsam#:~:text=The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM) is a,research%2C advocacy%2C and training.
Thielbörger, P. “The ‘Essence’ of International Human Rights.” German Law Journal 20 (2019): 924–939.
Tibaka, L., and Rosdian. “The Protection of Human Rights in Indonesian Constitutional Law after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia.” Fiat Justisia 11, no. 3 (2017): 268–289.
Tranfield, David, David Denyer, and Palminder Smart. “Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review.” British Journal of Management 14 (2003): 207–222.
Tsutsui, K., and J. W. Meyer. “International Human Rights Law and the Politics of Legitimation Repressive States and Human Rights Treaties.” International Sociology 23, no. 1 (2008): 115–141.
Welch, R. M. “National Human Rights Institutions: Domestic Implementation of International Human Rights Law.” Journal of Human Rights 16, no. 1 (2017): 96–116.
Wirajuda, N. Hassan. Prosecution/Handling of Serious Human Rights Matters in Un Role/International Security Council and Public Sector Relations. Jakarta, 2001.
Downloads
Published
2022-02-17
How to Cite
Hakim, Lukman, and Nalom Kurniawan. 2022. “Membangun Paradigma Hukum HAM Indonesia Berbasis Kewajiban Asasi Manusia”. Jurnal Konstitusi 18 (4):869-97. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1847.
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright of the published articles will be transferred to the journal as the publisher of the manuscripts. Therefore, the author confirms that the copyright has been managed by the publisher.
- The publisher of Jurnal Konstitusi is The Registrar and Secretariat General of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia.
- The copyright follows Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License: This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
