Menggagas Pelembagaan Constitutional Question Melalui Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Undang-Undang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1628Keywords:
constitutional question, constitutional court, IndonesiaAbstract
Tulisan ini membahas tentang gagasan pelembagaan constitutional question (pertanyaan konstitusional) di Indonesia melalui perluasan kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa lembaga constitutional question itu dapat ditempatkan sebagai bagian dari kewenangan pengujian konstitusional yang telah dimiliki Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD 1945. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat kebutuhan atau urgensi, baik dari segi teori maupun praktek untuk melembagakan mekanisme constitutional question di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Oleh sebab itu pada bagian akhir penelitian ini dikemukakan suatu kesimpulan dan rekomendasi bahwa lembaga constitutional question ini sangat perlu dan sangat prospektif untuk segera diterapkan di Indonesia. Caranya cukup dengan melakukan perubahan terhadap undang-undang tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi dengan mengatur dan memasukan mekanisme constitutional question ini ke dalam undang-undang yang dimaksud, tanpa harus mengadakan perubahan terhadap UUD 1945. This study will discuss the concept of constitutional question institutionalization in Indonesia by expanding the Constitutional Court’s constitutional review authority against the Constitution. The research shows that the constitutional question can be placed as part of the Constitutional Court’s constitutional review method based on Article 24C (1) 1945 Constitution. Moreover, the research also shows that there is a need or urgency, in both theory and practice, to institutionalize the constitutional question mechanism in the Constitutional Court. Therefore, this research concludes that the constitutional question is inevitable, and that is recommended to be immediately adopted in Indonesia. One of the possible methods to implement the mechanism is through the Constitutional Court law revision, which includes the constitutional question mechanism, without amending the Constitution.
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Sweet, Alec Stone, 2007, “The Politics of Constitutional Review in France and Europe,” International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 5, No. 1, h. 69-92.
Sweet, Alec Stone, 1992, The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Yaqin, Arief Ainul, 2017, “Pengujian Konstitusional (Constitutional Review) di Jerman,” http://equityjusticia.blogspot.com/2015/02/pengujiankonstitusional-di-jerman.html, diakses 17 Februari.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly dan Mustafa Fakhri, 2003, Mahkamah Konstitusi: Kompilasi Ketentuan UUD, Undang-Undang, dan Peraturan tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi di 78 Negara, Jakarta: PSHTN FH UI.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, 2010, Model-Model Pengujian Konstitusional di Berbagai Negara, Edisi Kedua, Cet. Ke 1, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Borowski, Martin, 2003, “The Beginnings of Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court,” Ratio Juris, Vol. 16, No. 2, h.155-186.
Cappelleti, Mauro, 1989, The Judicial Process in Comperative Perspective, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Chalid, Hamid, 2016, “Urgensi dan Upaya untuk Implementasi Mekanisme Constitutional Question melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia” 60 Tahun Jimly Asshiddiqie Menurut Para Sahabat. Ed. Nur Hidayat Sardini dan Gunawan Suswantoro, Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Chemerinsky, Erwin, 1997, Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies, New York: Aspen Law & Bussiness.
Comella, Victor Ferreres, 2004, “The European Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation: Toward Decentralization?,” International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 2, No. 3, h. 461-491.
Constitutional Court of Republic of Kosovo, 2017, http://www.gjk-ks.org/?cid=2,32, diakses 10 Februari.
Constitutional Court of Republic of Tajikistan, 2017, http://www.constcourt.tj/eng/, diakses 15 Februari.
Currie, David P, 1994, The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Denninger, Erhard, 1985, “Judicial Review Revisited: the German Experience,” 59 Tulane Law Review 1013, h. 1010-1033.
Gaffar, Janedri M., 2013, “Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia,” Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 10, No. 1, h. 1-32.
Ginsburg, Tom, 2017, “Comparative Constitutional Review,” http://comparativeconstitutionsproject.org/files/constitutional_review.pdf, diakses 15 Februari.
Hamidi, Jazim dan Mustafa Lutfi, 2010 “Constitutional Question: Antara RealitasPolitik dan Implementasi Hukumnya,” Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 7, No. 1, h. 29-48.
Hausmaninger, Herbert, 1997, “Judicial Referral of Constitutional Questions in Austria, Germany, and Russia,” Tulane European and Civil Law Forum 12, h. 25-37.
Hesmauninger, Herbert, 2003, The Australian Legal System. Wien: Manzsche Verlagsund Universitatbuchhandlung.
Horowitz, Donald L., 2017, “Constitutional Courts: Opportunities and Pitfalls,” Makalah tersedia dan dapat diunduh pada laman: http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/E24ConstitutionalCourtsOppsPitfallsHorowitz.pdf, diakses tanggal 29 Februari.
Kelsen, Hans, 1961, General Theory of Law and State. New York: Russell & Russell.
Kommers, Donald P., 1989, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany, Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Kucsko, Gabriele and Stadlmayer, 2012, “Constitutional Review in Austria: Traditions and New Developments.” Paper presented at International Conference Dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of the Constitutional Court of Romania, Bucharest, June 21-22.
Langer, Stefan, 2002, “The Protection of Fundamental Rights by the Federal Constitutional Court, in particular by way of Constitutional Complaint.” Report from Conference on International Experience and Perspectives of Human Rights Protection Before the Constitutional Court, Yerevan, 4-5 October 2002, European Commission for Democracy Through Law (Venice Commission), Strasbourg, 18 December.
Levy, Leonard W., 2005, Judicial Review: Sejarah Kelahiran, Wewenang, dan Fungsinya dalam Negara Demokrasi, Diterjemahkan oleh Eni Purwaningsih’ Bandung: Nusamedia.
Mahfud M.D dkk., 2010, Constitutional Question: Alternatif Baru Pencarian Keadilan Konstitusional, Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press.
O’Brien, David M, 2000, Constitutional Law and Politics: Struggles for Power and Govermental Accountability. New York: W.W Norton Company.
Palguna, I Dewa Gede, 2013, Pengaduan Konstitusional (Constitutional Complaint); Upaya Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Palguna, I Dewa, 2009, “Constitutional Question: Latar Belakang dan Praktik di Negara Lain Serta Kemungkinan Penerapannya di Indonesia.” Makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional “Mekanisme Constitutional Question Sebagai Sarana Menjamin Supremasi Konstitusi” yang diselenggarakan oleh Pusat Pengkajian Konstitusi (PPK) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya bekerjasama dengan Setjen dan Kepaniteraan MK RI, Malang, 21 November.
Rehnquist, William H., 1989, The Supreme Court: How It Was, How It Is, New York: William Morrow.
Safa’at, Ali, 2009, “Menggagas Constitutional Question di Indonesia” Majalah Konstitusi, Desember.
Scholz, Rupert, 2007, “Mahkamah Konstitusi Federal: Pelindung Konstitusi atau Pengganti Pembuat Undang-Undang?” dalam Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung Indonesia, Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Federal Jerman, Jakarta.
Siahaan, Maruarar, 2011, Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, Edisi Kedua, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Sweet, Alec Stone, 2007, “The Politics of Constitutional Review in France and Europe,” International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 5, No. 1, h. 69-92.
Sweet, Alec Stone, 1992, The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yaqin, Arief Ainul, 2017, “Gagasan Pelembagaan Constitutional Question di Indonesia melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi RI,” http://equityjusticia.blogspot.co.id/2015/05/gagasan-pelembagaan-constitutional.html, diakses 10 November.
Yaqin, Arief Ainul, 2017, “Pengujian Konstitusional (Constitutional Review) di Jerman,” http://equityjusticia.blogspot.com/2015/02/pengujiankonstitusional-di-jerman.html, diakses 17 Februari.
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Published
2019-07-11
How to Cite
Chalid, Hamid, and Arief Ainul Yaqin. 2019. “Menggagas Pelembagaan Constitutional Question Melalui Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Menguji Undang-Undang”. Jurnal Konstitusi 16 (2):363-90. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1628.
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