"Peradilan Konstitusional" oleh Mahkamah Agung melalui Mekanisme Pengujian Konkret
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1614Keywords:
Mahkamah Agung, Konstitusionalitas Undang-Undang, Kasus KonkretAbstract
Artikel ini membahas kemungkinan untuk Mahkamah Agung menjalankan fungsi sebagai peradilan konstitusional. Argumen yang diajukan adalah Mahkamah Agung harus memegang kewenangan yang sama dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang. Perbedaannya adalah, Mahkamah Konstitusi memiliki kewenangan untuk membatalkan undang-undang yang bertentangan dengan konstitusi, sementara Mahkamah Agung tidak memiliki kewenangan itu. Dalam menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang, Mahkamah Agung bertindak sebagai peradilan biasa yang memeriksa perkara atau kasus konkret, bukan perkara atau kasus abstrak. Dengan demikian, praktik ini memiliki kesamaan dengan praktik Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat, ketimbang praktik Mahkamah Konstitusi. Untuk mendukung argumen ini maka asas praduga konstitusional seharusnya tidak berlaku bagi Mahkamah Agung.This article argues for the possibility of the Indonesian Supreme Court to undertake the role as constitutional court. The argument suggests that the Indonesian Supreme Court should hold concurring authority with the Indonesian Constitutional Court in reviewing the constitutionality of laws. While the Indonesian Constitutional Court has the exclusive jurisdiction for invalidating the unconstitutional laws, the Indonesian Supreme Court does not have such jurisdiction. In reviewing the constitutionality of laws, the Indonesian Supreme Court exercises its jurisdiction as ordinary court. It reviews a concrete case, not the abstract one. Therefore, this practice is similar with the practice of the Supreme Court of the United States, instead of the practice of the Indonesian Constitutional Court. To support this argument, the principle of presumption of constitutionality should not be applicable to the Indonesian Supreme Court.
References
Buku
Alexander, Larry, "Constitutions, Judicial Review, Moral Rights and Democracy: Disentangling the Issues" dalam Grant Huscroft, ed., 2008, Expounding the Constitution: Essays in Constitutional Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, 2006, Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang-Undang, Jakarta: Konstitusi Press.
Bickel, Alexander M., 1986, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Indrayana, Denny, 2007, Amandemen UUD 1945: Antara Mitos dan Pembongkaran, Bandung: Mizan.
Dorf, Michael C., "Abstract and Concrete Review" dalam Vikram David Amar & Mark V. Tushnet, eds., 2009, Global Perspectives on Constitutional Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
E. Sumaryono, 2002, Etika dan Hukum: Relevansi Teori Hukum Kodrat Thomas Aquinas, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison & John Jay (Terence Ball, ed.), 2003, The Federalist with Letters of "Brutus", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kelsen, Hans, 1960, General Theory of Law and State, New York: Russell & Russell.
Kurnia, Titon Slamet, 2013, Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia: Sang Penjaga HAM, Bandung: Penerbit PT. Alumni.
_____, 2014, Konstitusi HAM, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
_____, 2015, Interpretasi Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia: The Jimly Court 2003-2008, Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju.
Ratnapala, Suri, 2009, Jurisprudence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sajo, Andras, 1999, Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism, Budapest: Central European University Press.
Soemantri, Sri, 1986, Hak Menguji Material di Indonesia, Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.
Jurnal
Calabresi, Steven G., 2006, "The Tradition of the Written Constitution: Text, Precedent and Burke," Alabama Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, h. 635-687.
Carmi, Guy E., 2005, "A Constitutional Court in the Absence of a Formal Constitution? On the Ramifications of Appointing the Israeli Supreme Court as the Only Tribunal for Judicial Review," Connecticut Journal of International Law, Vol. 21 , No. 1, h. 67-91.
Edlin, Douglas E., 2010, Judges and Unjust Laws: Common Law Constitutionalism and the Foundations of Judicial Review, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Fuller, Lon L., 1958, "Positivism and Fidelity to Law – A Reply to Professor Hart," Harvard Law Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, 630-672.
Gerber, Scott D., 2008, "The Court, the Constitution and the History of Ideas," Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 61 , No. 4, 1067-1126.
Kurnia, Titon Slamet, 2016, "Prediktabilitas Ajudikasi Konstitusional: Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengujian Undang-Undang,"Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 13, No. 2, h. 259-277.
Prakash, Saikrishna B., 2008, "The Executive’s Duty to Disregard Unconstitutional Laws," Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 96 , No. 5, 1613-1683.
Radbruch, Gustav, 2006, "Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946)," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vo. 26, No. 1, h. 1-11.
_____, 2006, "Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy (1945)," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, h. 13-15.
Reinstein, Robert J., & Mark C. Rahdert, 2005, "Reconstructing Marbury," Arkansas Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, h. 729-833.
Tushnet, Mark, 2006, "Weak-Form Judicial Review and ‘Core’ Civil Liberties" Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, h. 1-22.
Whittington, Keith E., 2007, Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy: The President, the Supreme Court and Constitutional Leadership in U.S. History, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Zoethout, Carla M., "Reflections on Constitutionalism in the Netherlands" dalam Charla M. Zoethout, et.al., eds., 2003, Control in Constitutional Law, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Peraturan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.
Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1997 tentang Narkotika.
Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi.
Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menjadi Undang-Undang.
Putusan
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2-3/PUU-V/2007.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 84/PUU-X/2012.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 45 PK/Pid.Sus/2009.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 39 PK/Pid.Sus/2011.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1613 K/PID.SUS/2015.
Alexander, Larry, "Constitutions, Judicial Review, Moral Rights and Democracy: Disentangling the Issues" dalam Grant Huscroft, ed., 2008, Expounding the Constitution: Essays in Constitutional Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, 2006, Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang-Undang, Jakarta: Konstitusi Press.
Bickel, Alexander M., 1986, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Indrayana, Denny, 2007, Amandemen UUD 1945: Antara Mitos dan Pembongkaran, Bandung: Mizan.
Dorf, Michael C., "Abstract and Concrete Review" dalam Vikram David Amar & Mark V. Tushnet, eds., 2009, Global Perspectives on Constitutional Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
E. Sumaryono, 2002, Etika dan Hukum: Relevansi Teori Hukum Kodrat Thomas Aquinas, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison & John Jay (Terence Ball, ed.), 2003, The Federalist with Letters of "Brutus", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kelsen, Hans, 1960, General Theory of Law and State, New York: Russell & Russell.
Kurnia, Titon Slamet, 2013, Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia: Sang Penjaga HAM, Bandung: Penerbit PT. Alumni.
_____, 2014, Konstitusi HAM, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
_____, 2015, Interpretasi Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia: The Jimly Court 2003-2008, Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju.
Ratnapala, Suri, 2009, Jurisprudence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sajo, Andras, 1999, Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism, Budapest: Central European University Press.
Soemantri, Sri, 1986, Hak Menguji Material di Indonesia, Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.
Jurnal
Calabresi, Steven G., 2006, "The Tradition of the Written Constitution: Text, Precedent and Burke," Alabama Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, h. 635-687.
Carmi, Guy E., 2005, "A Constitutional Court in the Absence of a Formal Constitution? On the Ramifications of Appointing the Israeli Supreme Court as the Only Tribunal for Judicial Review," Connecticut Journal of International Law, Vol. 21 , No. 1, h. 67-91.
Edlin, Douglas E., 2010, Judges and Unjust Laws: Common Law Constitutionalism and the Foundations of Judicial Review, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Fuller, Lon L., 1958, "Positivism and Fidelity to Law – A Reply to Professor Hart," Harvard Law Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, 630-672.
Gerber, Scott D., 2008, "The Court, the Constitution and the History of Ideas," Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 61 , No. 4, 1067-1126.
Kurnia, Titon Slamet, 2016, "Prediktabilitas Ajudikasi Konstitusional: Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengujian Undang-Undang,"Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 13, No. 2, h. 259-277.
Prakash, Saikrishna B., 2008, "The Executive’s Duty to Disregard Unconstitutional Laws," Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 96 , No. 5, 1613-1683.
Radbruch, Gustav, 2006, "Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946)," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vo. 26, No. 1, h. 1-11.
_____, 2006, "Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy (1945)," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, h. 13-15.
Reinstein, Robert J., & Mark C. Rahdert, 2005, "Reconstructing Marbury," Arkansas Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, h. 729-833.
Tushnet, Mark, 2006, "Weak-Form Judicial Review and ‘Core’ Civil Liberties" Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, h. 1-22.
Whittington, Keith E., 2007, Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy: The President, the Supreme Court and Constitutional Leadership in U.S. History, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Zoethout, Carla M., "Reflections on Constitutionalism in the Netherlands" dalam Charla M. Zoethout, et.al., eds., 2003, Control in Constitutional Law, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Peraturan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.
Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1997 tentang Narkotika.
Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi.
Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menjadi Undang-Undang.
Putusan
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2-3/PUU-V/2007.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 84/PUU-X/2012.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 45 PK/Pid.Sus/2009.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 39 PK/Pid.Sus/2011.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1613 K/PID.SUS/2015.
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Published
2019-04-01
How to Cite
Kurnia, Titon Slamet. 2019. “‘Peradilan Konstitusional’ Oleh Mahkamah Agung Melalui Mekanisme Pengujian Konkret”. Jurnal Konstitusi 16 (1):61-82. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1614.
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