Konflik Hukum Antara Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hak-Hak Sipil? (Telaah Konsep HAM dan Implementasi Ratifikasi ICCPR dan CAT di Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk725Keywords:
conflict of law, hudud, civil rights, cross cultural approach, due process of lawAbstract
Can death penalty or corporal punishment be imposed by a state since it is required by the Shariah, but, at the same time, it is against state’s obligation to guarantee civil rights as documented in such international human right laws as ICCPR and CAT? This article is to analyse the so called conflict of law between the requirements of Islamic criminal law and civil rights in Indonesia with particular reference to its implementation in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province. There are growing demands of some Muslims to the implementation of hudud in Indonesia and several Qanun Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam have been enacted too. According to the proponent of such implementation, this depicts that the state respects its citizens’ belief and culture which is guaranted under the aegis of the right to self determination. However, Indonesia has ratified some international human right laws which require the state to respect the right to life and prohibit torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment. How should the state react? this article argues that an alternative approach which is able to bridge prolonged polemic between universalims and cultural relativisms with regards to the validity of international human rights norms when being implemented to different legal cultures is very much needed. This is important in order to reduce resistence against international human right laws which are important to safeguard civil rights especially when the criminal justice system of a country has not fulfilled the due process of law.
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`Ata al-Sid Sid Ahmad.
Baderin, Mashood A., 2003. International Human Rights and Islamic
Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, ed., 1982. The Islamic Criminal Justice System, London; New York : Oceana Publications.
Benedict, Ruth, 1934. Patterns of Culture, Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin company.
Bielefeldt, Heiner, 1995. “Muslim Voices in the Human Rights Debate”, Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 17.
Bielefeldt, Heiner, 2000. “Western Versus “Islamic” Human Rights Conceptions? A Critique of Cultural Essentialism in the Discussion on Human Rights” Political Theory, Volume 28, Number 1, February 2000.
Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2003/32 of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
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General Comment No. 06: The right to life (art. 6):. 30/04/82. CCPR General Comment No. 6. (General Comments), <http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/84ab9690ccd81fc7c12563ed0046fae3?Opendocument> diakses tanggal 7 August 2006.
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Mayer, Ann Elizabeth, 1994. “Universal Versus Islamic Human Rights: A Clash of Cultures or a Clash with a Construct?”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Volume 15.
McCorquodale, Robert, 1994. “Self-Determination: A Human Rights Approach”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume
43. An-Na’im, Abdullah Ahmed, 1990. “Human Rights in the Muslim World”, Harvard Human Rights, Volume 3.
An-Na’im, Abdullah Ahmed, 2000. “Islam and Human Rights: Beyond the Universality Debate”, American Society for International Law Proceedings, Number 94.
An-Na’im, Abdullah Ahmed, ed., 1992. Human Rights in Cross- Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Concensus, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
Peters, Rudolph, 2005. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-first Century, Cambridge, UK.; New York : Cambridge University Press.
Pollis, Adamantia and Peter Schwab, eds., 1979. Human Rights: Cultural and Ideological Perspectives, New York : Praeger.
Qanun Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 10 Tahun 2002 tentang Peradilan Syariat Islam.
Qanun Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 11 Tahun 2002 tentang Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam Bidang Aqidah, Ibadah dan Syiar Islam.
Qanun Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 12 Tahun 2003 tentang Minuman Khamar dan Sejenisnya.
Qanun Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Maisir (perjudian)
Report of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, to Commission on Human Rights, 53rd Session, Item 8(a) of the provisional agenda, E/CN.4/1997/7 (10 January 1997), <http://daccessdds. un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G97/101/13/PDF/G9710113. pdf?OpenElement> diakses tanggal 7 August 2006.
Salim, Arskal, 2004. “Sharia from Below’ in Aceh (1930s-1960s): Islamic Identity and the Right to Self Determination with Comparative Reference to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)”, Indonesia and the Malay World, Volume 32.
Steiner, Henry J. and Philip Alston, 2000. International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals, 2nd Edition, Oxford : Oxford University Press.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death, adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989.
al-Zuhayli, Wahbah, 1997. Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh, Volume 7, Dimashq, Sūrīyah: Dār al-Fikr.
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Published
2016-05-20
How to Cite
Alfitri, Alfitri. 2016. “Konflik Hukum Antara Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Islam Dan Hak-Hak Sipil? (Telaah Konsep HAM Dan Implementasi Ratifikasi ICCPR Dan CAT Di Indonesia)”. Jurnal Konstitusi 7 (2):099-138. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk725.
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