Guarding Property, Recovering Assets: A Constitutional Court Perspective on Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture in Indonesia
Menjaga Hak Milik, Memulihkan Aset: Perspektif Mahkamah Konstitusi atas Perampasan Aset tanpa Pemidanaan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2326Keywords:
Constitutional Court, Corruption, Due Process of Law, Money Laundering, Non-Conviction-Based Asset ForfeitureAbstract
Non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCBAF) enables recovery of assets derived from crime without a prior conviction, yet may restrict private property rights absent a finding of guilt. This tension implicates due process of law and the proportional limitation of rights under Articles 28D(1), 28H(4), and 28J(2) of the 1945 Constitution. Because current Indonesian law neither expressly regulates NCBAF nor guarantees adequate safeguards, while asset recovery from corruption remains weak, defining its constitutional parameters is urgent. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study assesses NCBAF through due process and proportionality. The findings show that NCBAF is constitutional insofar as the limitation is prescribed by law, pursues a legitimate aim, follows a fair process, and remains proportional, consistent with the Constitutional Court's view that property rights are not absolute. It concludes that the Asset Forfeiture Bill should include judicial oversight and protection for bona fide third parties.
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