Relevansi Monisme dan Dualisme Bagi Pemberlakuan Perjanjian Internasional di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1934Keywords:
Dualism, Monism, TreatyAbstract
The application of treaty is still influenced by different views on the approach chosen by Indonesia, whether monism or dualism. By using normative method, this study questions the relevance of monism-incorporation and dualism-transformation approaches in determining the application of treaty. Two key aspects will be reviewed, namely parliamentary approval and the drafting of national regulations to implement treaty. It concludes that the dichotomy of monism and dualism has various limitations, and is irrelevant for determining the application of treaty. Parliamentary approval is required for treaty application, both in monist and dualist countries. Several dualist countries have even sought parliamentary approval before ratification can take place. The formulation of national regulations is common in monist and dualist countries. Not to fulfill theoretical demands in line with the monism and dualism approaches, but to ensure harmonization and the ability of state to carry out its obligations.
References
Buku
Agusman, Damos Dumoli. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional: Kajian Teori Dan Praktik Indonesia. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010.
Alstine, Michael Van. “Conclusion.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 555-614. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Amalia, Prita, and Garry Gumelar Pratama. “Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstituti Dalam Melakukan Judicial Review Terhadap Undang-Undang Ratifikasi Perjanjian Perdagangan Internasional - Laporan Penelitian.” Pusat Penelitian dan Pengkajian Perkara, dan Pengelolaan Perpustakaan, 2018.
Aust, Anthony. “United Kingdom.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 476-503. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Aust, Anthony. Modern Treaty Law and Practices. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Cassese, Antonio. International Law. First Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Ert, Gib van. “Canada.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 166-208. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Grimm, Dieter, Mattias Wendel, and Tobias Reinbacher. “European Constitutionalism and the German Basic Law.” In National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law - National Reports. 1st ed., edited by Anneli Albi, 407-492. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2019.
Nollkaemper, Andre. “The Netherlands.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 326-369. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Nollkaemper, André. National Courts and the International Rule of Law. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Paulus, Andreas L. “Germany.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 209-242. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Pratomo, Eddy. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional: Dinamika Dan Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Politik Hukum Indonesia. Jakarta: Elex Media Computindo, 2016.
Rothwell, Donald R. “Australia.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 120-165. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Schmalenbach, Kirsten. “International Criminal Law in Germany.” In The Implementation of International Law in Germany and Africa. 1st ed., edited by Erika de Wet, 376-402. Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press, 2015.
Sloss, David. “Treaty Enforcement in Domestic Courts: A Comparative Analysis.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 1-60. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2009.
Starke, J.G. Introduction to International Law. 10th ed. London: Butterworth & Co., 1989.
Young, Alison L., and Patrick Birkinshaw. “Europe’s Gift to the United Kingdom’s Unwritten Constitution - Juridification.” In National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law - National Reports, 1st ed., edited by Anneli Albi, 83-140. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2019.
Jurnal
Agusman, Damos Dumoli. “Self Executing And Non Self Executing Treaties What Does It Mean?” Indonesian Journal of International Law 11, no. 3 (2014): 320-344. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol11.3.501
__________. “The Courts and Treaties: Indonesia’s Perspective.” Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 1, no. 1 (2017): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v1i1
__________. “The Law Approving Treaties (‘UU Pengesahan’): What Does It Signify?” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 1, no. 1. (September 2016): 73-85. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v1n1.8
Aust, Helmut Philipp, Alejandro Rodiles, and Peter Staubach. “Unity or Uniformity? Domestic Courts and Treaty Interpretation.” Leiden Journal of International Law 27, no. 1. (March 2014): 75-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156513000654
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhamad Azhar. “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer.” Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1. (Juni 2020): 20-33. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.7.1.20-33
Butt, Simon. “The Position of International Law within the Indonesian Legal System.” Emory International Law Review 28, no. 1. (2014): 1-28.
Cryer, Robert. “Implementation of the International Criminal Court Statue in England and Wales.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 3. (2002): 733-743. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589300066331
Dewanto, Wisnu Aryo. “Akibat Hukum Peratifikasian Perjanjian Internasional Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Konvensi Palermo 2000.” Veritas et Justitia 1, no. 1. (Juni 2015): 39-60.
__________. Implementing Treaties in Municipal Court.” Mimbar Hukum 23, no. 1. (2011): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16194
__________. “Status Hukum Internasional Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum 21, no. 2. (Juni 2009): 325-340. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16260
Fleuren, Joseph. “The Application of International Law by Dutch Court.” Netherlands International Law Review 57, no. 2. (Agustus 2010): 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165070X10200062.
Jackson, John H. “Status of Treaties in Domestic Legal Systems: A Policy Analysis.” The American Journal of International Law 86, no. 2. (April 1992): 310-340.
Juwana, Hikmahanto. “Kewajiban Negara Dalam Proses Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional: Memastikan Keselarasan Dengan Konstitusi Dan Mentransformasikan Ke Hukum Nasional.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 1. (Oktober 2019): 1-32. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.2.1.1-32.
Melatyugra, Ninon. “Teori Internasionalisme Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional,” Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 2. (Oktober 2015): 199-207. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2015.v9.i2.p199-208.
Parthiana, I. Wayan. “Beberapa Masalah Dalam Pengimplementasian Kewajiban Negara Indonesia Di Bawah Perjanjian Internasional Ke Dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Veritas et Justitia 3, no. 1. (Juni 2017): 163-194. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.v3i1.2529.
Savitri, Dewi Nurul. “Constitutional Preview and Review of International Treaties: France And Indonesia Compared.” Constitutional Review 5, no. 1. (Mei 2019): 39-68. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev512.
Verdier, Pierre-Hugues, and Mila Versteeg. “International Law in National Legal Systems: An Empirical Investigation.” The American Journal of International Law 109, no. 3. (2015): 209-230. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2731663
Waters, Melissa A. “Creeping Monism: The Judicial Trend Toward Interpretive Incorporation of Human Rights Treaties.” Columbia Law Review 107, no. 3. (April 1997): 628-705. https://ssrn.com/abstract=934108
Wibisana, Andri. “The Development of the Precautionary Principle in International and in Indonesian Environmental Law.” Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 14, no. 1. (Januari 2011): 1-25. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2131666
Widagdo, Setyo. “Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional Dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 12, no. 1 (Mei 2019): 195-214. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2019.01201.10.
Internet
Ammann, Odile. “Dualism Is Overrated – As Is Monism: A Response to Julian Ku.” Opinio Juris, November 15, 2016. http://opiniojuris.org/2016/11/15/dualism-is-overrated-as-is-monism-a-response-to-julian-ku/. Diakses pada 11 Februari 2021.
Barnett, Laura. “Canada’s Approach to the Treaty-Making Process.” Library of Parliament, Mei 2018, https://lop.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/200845E. Diakses pada 15 April 2021
Committee on the Rights of the Child. “General Comment No. 5,” Treaty bodies Search (ohchr.org). Diakses pada 14 April 2021.
Federal Foreign Office, “International Criminal Law.” German Federal Foreign Office.https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/themen/internatrecht/international-criminal-law/229216. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, “Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.” https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/. Diakses pada 25 April 2021.
House of Commons Information Office. “Treaties - Factsheet P14,” p14.pdf (parliament.uk). Diakses pada 3 April 2021
International Law Commission, Report (A/74/10), https://legal.un.org/ilc/reports/2019/english/a_74_10_advance.pdf. Diakses pada 11 April 2021.
Justice, Ministry of, and Ministry of Defense. “The Governance of Britain War Powers and Treaties: Limiting Executive Powers,” The governance of Britain: war powers and treaties: limiting executive powers - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk). Diakses pada 2 April 2021
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en. “Klimaatwet.” Wet, https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0042394/2020-01-01. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Lang, Arabella, 2017, “Parliament’s Role in Ratifying Treaties.” House of Commons Library, https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05855/. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, the Netherlands, “Long Term Strategy on Climate Mitigation.” Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, LTS1_Netherlands.pdf (unfccc.int). Diakses pada 7 April 2021
Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene, 2019, “The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2018 - Report - Government.nl.” Rapport. Ministerie van Algemene Zaken, https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2019/02/28/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands. Diakses pada 12 Mei 2021.
Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse, 2001, “Rijkswet van 5 juli 2001, houdende goedkeuring van het op 17 juli 1998 totstandgekomen Statuut van Rome inzake het Internationaal Strafhof.” Officiële publicatie. Ministerie van Justitie, https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2001-343.html. Diakses pada 25 April 2021.
Agusman, Damos Dumoli. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional: Kajian Teori Dan Praktik Indonesia. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010.
Alstine, Michael Van. “Conclusion.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 555-614. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Amalia, Prita, and Garry Gumelar Pratama. “Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstituti Dalam Melakukan Judicial Review Terhadap Undang-Undang Ratifikasi Perjanjian Perdagangan Internasional - Laporan Penelitian.” Pusat Penelitian dan Pengkajian Perkara, dan Pengelolaan Perpustakaan, 2018.
Aust, Anthony. “United Kingdom.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 476-503. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Aust, Anthony. Modern Treaty Law and Practices. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Cassese, Antonio. International Law. First Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Ert, Gib van. “Canada.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 166-208. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Grimm, Dieter, Mattias Wendel, and Tobias Reinbacher. “European Constitutionalism and the German Basic Law.” In National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law - National Reports. 1st ed., edited by Anneli Albi, 407-492. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2019.
Nollkaemper, Andre. “The Netherlands.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 326-369. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Nollkaemper, André. National Courts and the International Rule of Law. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Paulus, Andreas L. “Germany.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study. 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 209-242. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Pratomo, Eddy. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional: Dinamika Dan Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Politik Hukum Indonesia. Jakarta: Elex Media Computindo, 2016.
Rothwell, Donald R. “Australia.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 120-165. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Schmalenbach, Kirsten. “International Criminal Law in Germany.” In The Implementation of International Law in Germany and Africa. 1st ed., edited by Erika de Wet, 376-402. Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press, 2015.
Sloss, David. “Treaty Enforcement in Domestic Courts: A Comparative Analysis.” In The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement: A Comparative Study, 1st ed., edited by David Sloss, 1-60. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2009.
Starke, J.G. Introduction to International Law. 10th ed. London: Butterworth & Co., 1989.
Young, Alison L., and Patrick Birkinshaw. “Europe’s Gift to the United Kingdom’s Unwritten Constitution - Juridification.” In National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law - National Reports, 1st ed., edited by Anneli Albi, 83-140. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2019.
Jurnal
Agusman, Damos Dumoli. “Self Executing And Non Self Executing Treaties What Does It Mean?” Indonesian Journal of International Law 11, no. 3 (2014): 320-344. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol11.3.501
__________. “The Courts and Treaties: Indonesia’s Perspective.” Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 1, no. 1 (2017): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v1i1
__________. “The Law Approving Treaties (‘UU Pengesahan’): What Does It Signify?” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 1, no. 1. (September 2016): 73-85. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v1n1.8
Aust, Helmut Philipp, Alejandro Rodiles, and Peter Staubach. “Unity or Uniformity? Domestic Courts and Treaty Interpretation.” Leiden Journal of International Law 27, no. 1. (March 2014): 75-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156513000654
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhamad Azhar. “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer.” Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1. (Juni 2020): 20-33. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.7.1.20-33
Butt, Simon. “The Position of International Law within the Indonesian Legal System.” Emory International Law Review 28, no. 1. (2014): 1-28.
Cryer, Robert. “Implementation of the International Criminal Court Statue in England and Wales.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 3. (2002): 733-743. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589300066331
Dewanto, Wisnu Aryo. “Akibat Hukum Peratifikasian Perjanjian Internasional Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Konvensi Palermo 2000.” Veritas et Justitia 1, no. 1. (Juni 2015): 39-60.
__________. Implementing Treaties in Municipal Court.” Mimbar Hukum 23, no. 1. (2011): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16194
__________. “Status Hukum Internasional Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum 21, no. 2. (Juni 2009): 325-340. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16260
Fleuren, Joseph. “The Application of International Law by Dutch Court.” Netherlands International Law Review 57, no. 2. (Agustus 2010): 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165070X10200062.
Jackson, John H. “Status of Treaties in Domestic Legal Systems: A Policy Analysis.” The American Journal of International Law 86, no. 2. (April 1992): 310-340.
Juwana, Hikmahanto. “Kewajiban Negara Dalam Proses Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional: Memastikan Keselarasan Dengan Konstitusi Dan Mentransformasikan Ke Hukum Nasional.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 1. (Oktober 2019): 1-32. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.2.1.1-32.
Melatyugra, Ninon. “Teori Internasionalisme Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional,” Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 2. (Oktober 2015): 199-207. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2015.v9.i2.p199-208.
Parthiana, I. Wayan. “Beberapa Masalah Dalam Pengimplementasian Kewajiban Negara Indonesia Di Bawah Perjanjian Internasional Ke Dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Veritas et Justitia 3, no. 1. (Juni 2017): 163-194. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.v3i1.2529.
Savitri, Dewi Nurul. “Constitutional Preview and Review of International Treaties: France And Indonesia Compared.” Constitutional Review 5, no. 1. (Mei 2019): 39-68. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev512.
Verdier, Pierre-Hugues, and Mila Versteeg. “International Law in National Legal Systems: An Empirical Investigation.” The American Journal of International Law 109, no. 3. (2015): 209-230. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2731663
Waters, Melissa A. “Creeping Monism: The Judicial Trend Toward Interpretive Incorporation of Human Rights Treaties.” Columbia Law Review 107, no. 3. (April 1997): 628-705. https://ssrn.com/abstract=934108
Wibisana, Andri. “The Development of the Precautionary Principle in International and in Indonesian Environmental Law.” Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 14, no. 1. (Januari 2011): 1-25. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2131666
Widagdo, Setyo. “Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional Dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 12, no. 1 (Mei 2019): 195-214. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2019.01201.10.
Internet
Ammann, Odile. “Dualism Is Overrated – As Is Monism: A Response to Julian Ku.” Opinio Juris, November 15, 2016. http://opiniojuris.org/2016/11/15/dualism-is-overrated-as-is-monism-a-response-to-julian-ku/. Diakses pada 11 Februari 2021.
Barnett, Laura. “Canada’s Approach to the Treaty-Making Process.” Library of Parliament, Mei 2018, https://lop.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/200845E. Diakses pada 15 April 2021
Committee on the Rights of the Child. “General Comment No. 5,” Treaty bodies Search (ohchr.org). Diakses pada 14 April 2021.
Federal Foreign Office, “International Criminal Law.” German Federal Foreign Office.https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/themen/internatrecht/international-criminal-law/229216. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, “Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.” https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/. Diakses pada 25 April 2021.
House of Commons Information Office. “Treaties - Factsheet P14,” p14.pdf (parliament.uk). Diakses pada 3 April 2021
International Law Commission, Report (A/74/10), https://legal.un.org/ilc/reports/2019/english/a_74_10_advance.pdf. Diakses pada 11 April 2021.
Justice, Ministry of, and Ministry of Defense. “The Governance of Britain War Powers and Treaties: Limiting Executive Powers,” The governance of Britain: war powers and treaties: limiting executive powers - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk). Diakses pada 2 April 2021
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en. “Klimaatwet.” Wet, https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0042394/2020-01-01. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Lang, Arabella, 2017, “Parliament’s Role in Ratifying Treaties.” House of Commons Library, https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05855/. Diakses pada 26 April 2021.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, the Netherlands, “Long Term Strategy on Climate Mitigation.” Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, LTS1_Netherlands.pdf (unfccc.int). Diakses pada 7 April 2021
Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene, 2019, “The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2018 - Report - Government.nl.” Rapport. Ministerie van Algemene Zaken, https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2019/02/28/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands. Diakses pada 12 Mei 2021.
Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse, 2001, “Rijkswet van 5 juli 2001, houdende goedkeuring van het op 17 juli 1998 totstandgekomen Statuut van Rome inzake het Internationaal Strafhof.” Officiële publicatie. Ministerie van Justitie, https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2001-343.html. Diakses pada 25 April 2021.
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2022-08-30
How to Cite
Aprianto, Ary. 2022. “Relevansi Monisme Dan Dualisme Bagi Pemberlakuan Perjanjian Internasional Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Konstitusi 19 (3):580-605. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1934.
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