Kebijakan Pengelolaan Air Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Air

Abstract

Mahkamah Konstitusi pada tanggal 18 Februari 2015 telah membacakan putusan perkara Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 yang pada pokoknya membatalkan seluruh isi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air. Mahkamah juga memutuskan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1974 tentang pengairan berlaku kembali. Salah satu daerah yang terkena dampak langsung putusan tersebut adalah sumber air yang dikelola secara individu masyarakat kaki gunung muria di Kabupaten Kudus Jawa Tengah. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana pengelolaan sumber daya air sebelum pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus?; (2) bagaimana model kebijakan ideal pengelolaan air pasca adanya pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus?. Untuk memecahkan kedua permasalahan tersebut, Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pengelolaan sumber daya air sebelum pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus dilakukan oleh pemilik tanah dan tidak ada kompensasi terhadap masyarakat kecuali masyarakat meminta, dan sampai sekarang walaupun Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 telah dibatalkan Mahkamah Konstitusi, sistem pengelolaannya pun tidak berubah. Secara yuridis seharusnya ada perubahan yang mendasar terkait pengelolaan air dikarenakan setelah pembatalan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2004, hak pengelolaan air dikembalikan ke negara sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Model ideal pengelolaan air pasca pembatalan undang-undang sumber daya air, adalah dikembalikan ke negara dalam hal ini masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah. Dibuat semacam Badan Usaha Milik Desa dimana saham dimiliki oleh masyarakat desa dan pemerintah daerah. Bagi pemilik tanah yang kebetulan ada sumber mata airnya, tidak boleh memiliki hak ekslusif atas manfaat sumber mata air tersebut.The Constitutional Court on February 18, 2015 has read out the case verdict Number 85/PUU-XI/2013, which basically annulled all contents in Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. The Court also ruled that Law No. 11 of 1974 on irrigation will apply. One of the areas directly affected by the verdict was an individually managed water source in the community of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency, Central Java. The raised problems in this study were (1) how was the management of water resources before nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothills of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency? (2) what was the ideal model of water management policy after nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothills of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency? In order to solve these two problems, the researcher used a sociological juridical research method. The results represented that management of water resources prior to nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothill of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency was the one that the landowners have carried out and there was no compensation to the community unless there are requests from the community. And up to now even though Law Number 7 of 2004 has been annulled by the Constitutional Court, the management system did not change. In juridical there should be a fundamental change regarding water management because after the nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004, water management rights were returned to the state as mandated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The ideal model of water management after nullification of Law on water resources was returned to the state, in this case is the community and local government. A kind of Village Owned Enterprise was generated in which the shares were owned by village communities and local government. For landowners who have sources of spring water, they may not have exclusive rights to the benefits of the source of the spring water.