Logika, Penalaran, dan Argumentasi Hukum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1427Keywords:
Logika, Penalaran, Deduksi, Induksi, Penalaran Hukum dan ArgumentasiAbstract
Dewasa ini pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang logika, penalaran, dan argumentasi hukum semakin dibutuhkan tidak hanya bagi kalangan akademisi dalam bidang filsafat dan hukum melainkan terutama bagi para praktisi hukum seperti polisi, hakim, jaksa, pengacara, bahkan seluruh anggota masyarakat yang setiap hari berhadapan dengan persoalan-persoalan hukum. Sebagai bagian dari penalaran pada umumnya, penalaran hukum, meskipun memiliki sejumlah karakteristik yang berbeda, terikat pada kaidah-kaidah penalaran yang tepat seperti hukum-hukum berpikir, hukum-hukum silogisme, ketentuan tentang probabilitas induksi, dan kesesatan informal penalaran. Maka penalaran hukum bukahlah jenis penalaran yang berbeda dan terpisah dari logika sebagai ilmu tentang bagaimana berpikir secara tepat (sebagai salah satu cabang filsafat) melainkan bagaimana menerapkan kaidah-kaidah berpikir menurut ketentuan logika dalam bidang hukum. Artikel ini membahas kaidah-kaidah berpikir silogisme dan induksi. Aplikasi penalaran deduktif dan induksif dalam hukum dengan model IRAC (Issue, Rule, Argument, dan Conclusion) akan mengakhiri artikel ini.
References
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Patterson, Edwin W., 1942, “Logic in the Law”, dalamUniversity of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 90, No. 8, 875-909.
Prakken, H., 1993, “A logical framework for modelling legal argument”, dalam Proc.
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Rawls, John, 1973, A theory of Justice, London: Oxford University Press.
Reiter, R., 1980, “A logic for default reasoning”, dalam Artificial Intelligence 13:81-132
Bench-Capon, T. J. M. & Coenen, F. P., 1992, “Isomorphism and Legal Knowledge Based Systems” dalam Artificial Intelligence and Law 1: 65-86
Berman, D. H. & Hafner, C. D., 1987, “Indeterminacy: A Challenge to Logic-based Models of Legal Reasoning” dalam Yearbook of Law Computers and Technology Vol. 3:1-35, London: Butterworths.
Copi, Irving M., & Cohen Carl, 1997, Introduction to Logic, 10th ed., Richmond Tx.: Prentice Hall.
Douglas, Lind, 2007, Logic and Legal Reasoning, 2nd. San Diego, California: The National Judicial College Pres.
Dworkin, Ronald, 1977, Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth.
Dworkin, Ronald, 1986, Law’s Empire, Cambridge – Mass: Belknap Press.
Dworkin, Ronald, 2011, Justice for Hedgehogs, Cambridge Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Frank, J., 1930, Law and the Modern Mind, New York: Brentano’s
Fuller, L., 1958, “Positivism and Fidelity to Law - A Reply to Professor Hart”, 71 Harv. L. Rev. 630
Grossi, Davide & Rotolo, Antonino, 2012, “Logic in the Law: A Concise Overview” dalamLogic in the Law, 1-19.
Hage, Jaap, 2005, Studies in Legal Logic, Netherland: Springer.
Halper, Thomas, 1968, “Logic in Judicial Reasoning”, dalam Indiana Law Journal, vol. 44, Iss. 1, artikel 2, 33-48.
Hamersma, Harry, 2008, Pintu Masuk ke Dunia Filsafat, Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Hanson, Sharon, 2010, Legal Method, Skills, and Reasoning, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge-Cavendish.
Hart H. L. A., 1958, “Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals”. 71 Harv. L. Rev. 593
Hart, H. L. A., 1982, Essays on Bentham: Jurisprudence and Political Theory, Oxford: Clarendon.
Hart, H. L. A., 1983, Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon.
Hohfeld, W. N., 1913, “Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning”, 23 Yale Law J. 16
Holland, J.A., & Webb, J.S., 2013, Learning Legal Rules: A Students’ Guide to Legal Method and Reasoning, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hurley, Patric J., 1997, A Concise Introduction to Logic, Belmon, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Kelsen, Hans, 1973, Essays in Legal and Moral Philosophy, diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan judul Hukum dan Logika oleh B. Arief Sidharta, Bandung (2002): Alumni.
Loui, R. P., Norman, J., 1995, “Rationales and Argument Moves” dalam Artificial Intelligence and Law 3(3): 159-185.
Malec, Andrzej, 2001, “Legal Reasoning and Logic”, dalam Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 97-101.4, (17).
McLeod, T. I., 2011, Legal Method, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mundiri, H., 2012, cet. Ke-15, Logika, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
Patterson, Edwin W., 1942, “Logic in the Law”, dalamUniversity of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 90, No. 8, 875-909.
Prakken, H., 1993, “A logical framework for modelling legal argument”, dalam Proc.
4th Intl. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 1-9. New York: ACM Press.
Rawls, John, 1973, A theory of Justice, London: Oxford University Press.
Reiter, R., 1980, “A logic for default reasoning”, dalam Artificial Intelligence 13:81-132
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Published
2017-11-02
How to Cite
Weruin, Urbanus Ura. 2017. “Logika, Penalaran, Dan Argumentasi Hukum”. Jurnal Konstitusi 14 (2):374-95. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1427.
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